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Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
A diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a tumour located in the pons (middle) of the brain stem. The brain stem is the bottom most portion of the brain, connecting the cerebrum with the spinal cord. The majority of brain stem tumours occur in the pons (middle brain stem), are diffusely infiltrating (they grow amidst the nerves), and therefore are not able to be surgically removed. Glioma is a general name any tumour that arises from the supportive tissue called glia, which help keep the neurons ("thinking cells") in place and functioning well. The brain stem contains all of the afferent neurons within the spinal cord as well as important structures involved in eye movements and face and throat muscle control and sensation.〔American Brain Tumour Foundation http://www.abta.org/siteFiles/SitePages/1DA98D1B9B8D924603E99AA4C241B3A5.pdf〕〔(Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) )〕
==Prognosis==
DIPG has a 0% survival rate. The median overall survival of children diagnosed with DIPG is approximately 9 months. The 1 and 2 year survival rates are approximately 30% and less than 10%, respectively. These statistics make it one of the most devastating pediatric malignancies.〔Treatment of newly diagnosed diffuse brain stem gliomas in children - David N. Korones. http://www.expert-reviews.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14737140.7.5.663〕 Although 75- 85% of patients show some improvement in their symptoms after radiation therapy, DIPGs almost always begin to grow again (called recurrence, relapse, or progression). Clinical trials have reported that the median time between radiation therapy treatment and progression is 5-8.8 months.〔(Recurrence/Relapse | DIPG Registry )〕
Patients whose tumours begin to grow again may be eligible for Pilot, Phase I, or Phase II clinical trials. These clinical trials use experimental drugs or other experimental therapeutic approaches to try to slow or stop the growth of the tumour. Unfortunately, clinical trials have not shown any significant benefit from these experimental therapies so far.〔
However, researchers are always working to develop new potential therapies for DIPGs. By participating in clinical trials, patients and families can help researchers learn more about DIPG and perhaps help future patients. Unfortunately, DIPGs that progress usually grow quickly and affect important parts of the brain. Clinical trials have reported that the median time from tumour progression to death is usually very short, between 1 and 4.5 months. During this time, doctors focus on controlling symptoms and helping children to feel as comfortable as possible.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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